Abacwaningi bathole ama-enzyme amabili ematheni ezikelemu eziphula ngokwemvelo ipulasitiki evamile phakathi namahora okushisa asekamelweni.
I-polyethylene ingenye yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, isetshenziswa kukho konke kusuka ezitsheni zokudla kuya ezikhwameni zokuthenga.Ngeshwa, ukuqina kwayo futhi kuyenza ibe ukungcola okuqhubekayo—i-polymer kufanele icutshungulwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze iqalise inqubo yokuwohloka.
Amathe e-waxworm aqukethe okuwukuphela kwe-enzyme eyaziwa ukuthi isebenza ku-polyethylene engacutshungulwanga, okwenza lawa maprotheni avele ngokwemvelo angaba usizo kakhulu ekugayweni kabusha.
Isazi samangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo kanye nomfuyi wezinyosi oyimfundamakhwela uFederica Bertocchini uthole ngephutha ikhono lezibungu ze-wax okonakalisa upulasitiki eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
"Ekupheleni kwesizini, abafuyi bezinyosi bavamise ukufaka izidleke ezimbalwa ezingenalutho ukuze babuyele ensimini entwasahlobo," uBertocchini usanda kutshela abe-AFP.
Wahlanza isidleke futhi wafaka zonke izikelemu ze-wax ezikhwameni zepulasitiki.Lapho ebuya ngemva kwesikhashana, wathola ukuthi isikhwama “sasivuza”.
Ama-waxwings (Galleria mellonella) yizibungu eziphenduka zibe amabhu ahlala isikhathi esifushane we-wax ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Esigabeni sezibungu, izibungu zihlala esidlekeni, zidla ingcina yezinyosi nempova.
Ngemva kwalokhu kutholakala okujabulisayo, u-Bertocchini nethimba lakhe eSikhungweni Sokucwaninga Ngezinto Eziphilayo u-Margherita Salas eMadrid baqala ukuhlaziya amathe e-waxworm futhi bashicilela imiphumela yabo ku-Nature Communications.
Abacwaningi basebenzise izindlela ezimbili: i-gel permeation chromatography, ehlukanisa ama-molecule ngokususelwa kusayizi wawo, kanye ne-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, ehlonza izingcezu zamangqamuzana ngokususelwe kusilinganiso sazo sokushaja.
Baqinisekisile ukuthi amathe ayawephula amaketanga amade e-hydrocarbon e-polyethylene abe amaketanga amancane, ane-oxidized.
Babe sebesebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwe-proteomic ukuze babone "idlanzana lama-enzyme" ematheni, amabili awo aboniswe ukuthi afake i-polyethylene, abacwaningi babhala.
Abacwaningi baqamba ama-enzyme ngokuthi "iDemeter" nethi "Ceres" ngemuva konkulunkulukazi bezolimo basendulo bamaGreki namaRoma, ngokulandelana.
"Ngokwazi kwethu, lawa ma-polyvinylases angama-enzyme okuqala akwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezinjalo kumafilimu e-polyethylene ekamelweni lokushisa ngesikhathi esifushane," kubhala abacwaningi.
Banezela ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ama-enzyme amabili anqoba "isinyathelo sokuqala nesinzima kakhulu enqubweni yokuwohloka," le nqubo ingase imele "i-paradigm ehlukile" yokulawulwa kwemfucuza.
U-Bertocchini utshele i-AFP ukuthi ngenkathi uphenyo lusaqala, kungenzeka ukuthi ama-enzyme ahlanganiswe namanzi atheleka kupulasitiki ezindaweni zokugaywa kabusha.Angasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikude ezingenawo amashutha kadoti noma ngisho nasendlini ngayinye.
Amagciwane namagciwane olwandle nasenhlabathini ayavela ukuze azondle ngepulasitiki, ngokocwaningo lwango-2021.
Ngo-2016, abacwaningi babike ukuthi i-bacterium yatholakala endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu eJapane ephula i-polyethylene terephthalate (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-PET noma i-polyester).Lokhu kamuva kwaphefumulela ososayensi ukuba bakhe i-enzyme engadiliza ngokushesha amabhodlela eziphuzo zepulasitiki.
Cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-400 emfucumfucu wepulasitiki akhiqizwa minyaka yonke emhlabeni, cishe u-30% wawo okuyi-polyethylene.I-10% kuphela yamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisi-7 emfucumfucu ekhiqizwa emhlabeni kuze kube manje, okushiya imfucuza eminingi emhlabeni.
Ukunciphisa nokusebenzisa kabusha izinto akungabazeki ukuthi kuzonciphisa umthelela wemfucuza yepulasitiki endaweni ezungezile, kodwa ukuba nekhithi yamathuluzi yokuhlanza imfuhlumfuhlu kungasisiza ukuxazulula inkinga yemfucuza yepulasitiki.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-07-2023
